I2a2a1a1a2a CTS4922 (15903939 T->C) This is the Place genealogy; Elliott, Rush, Spencer, Franklin, with DNA applied. Marker comparison is felt important for me. I2a2a1a1 M284 (22750461..22750464 ACAA->del) I2a1a1a3a1a Z27446 (14420039 G->A) I2a2a M223 (21717307 G->A) I2a2a2 S9403/SK1254 (6742730 T->C) I certainly hope that they do identify the ancient samples. It is felt that no group has genetic homogenity to survive, and the I-M223, migrated with the R-U106, of the same Saxon tribe of people. A reporter found it would have no unacceptable environmental impacts and ruled it could proceed. The data sometimes takes a week or so to arrive. UK Armstrong, with Buccleuch, Kinmont & Gorrenberry what more? You can see that P-PF5850 is estimated to be approximately 46,000 years old, ca 46 kybp, meaning circa 46 thousand years before present.. By Thomas Fairbairn March 12, 2010. I2a1a1a3 Z27395 (16681589 A->G) Splitting a deep, very old branch into subclades is unusual and exciting. He is the ancestor of at least I2a2a1b2a1b1b2a S8104 (7432604 A->G) I2a2a1b2a1b4 S243/Z63 (14401486 C->T) I2a2a1b2a1b6 DF5.2/S191.2 (18393814 A->G) Brits I-L801 (L801) is further subdivided into I-L801* and I-P95, the latter being associated with the P95 polymorphism. Intriguingly, eachScottish Origenes Y- Oct 2021. All previously known subbranches of I-M223 are now included in the new I-P222 branch, including mine. I2a1b2a1b1 Y3118 (23548545 T->C) I2a2a1a1a1a1a2 Y8599 Irish All we know is that today, the I-M223 marker is prevalent among both the Pre-Plantation Gaelic Irish inhabitants of Southeast Ulster (County Down) and the Scottish male population of the far Southwest of Scotland (Wigtownshire and Southern Ayrshire). I2a L460/PF3647/S238 (7879415 A->C) The profile must be set to public in order to add it. I2a2b3a S2488 (12733783 T->A) English It may simply be that there has been so much human movement back and forth between the Western Isles of Scotland and Northeast Ireland that the two populations are (at present) indistinguishable from one another! I2a2a1a2a1a1d BY138 (2809424 A->T) Mexicans, English I2a2b1 L533/S295 (2887198 G->C) n.w. There are 20 major different Y chromosome haplogroups. Haplogroups work a lot like surnames. There was a first man to be I-M223. He lived in Europeprobably. He lived 14,000 to 18,000 years agoprobably WebThe Y Haplogroup classification of the male Y-chromosome is currently used to estimate the population group of the paternal line. WebHaplogroup I-M223 has been found in over 4% of the population only in Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Scotland, and England (excluding Cornwall) also the southern tips of Sweden and Norway in Northwest Europe; the provinces of Normandy, Maine, Anjou, and Perche in northwestern France; the province of Provence in Found in Central Europe from Germany, Austria to Poland, Romania and Ukraine, but also in lower frequencies in Greece, Italy, France, Spain, England, Ireland, and Armenia. http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpI.html. They have been cornered and pushed off by expending farmers since Neolithic, but before that, they could walk around a lot between summer hunting grounds, winter hunting grounds, seasonal fishing spot, nuts or berries harvest zones, etc. The haplogroups are identified by the letters, A through T. Haplogroups are subdivided into one or 0 belong to I-FT2223 . the most recent common ancestor of all members of haplogroup I-M223 was born between the years 17,778 and 13,148 BCE. WebOf historical note, both haplogroups I-M253 and I-M223 appear at a low frequency in the historical regions of Bithynia and Galatia in Turkey, possibly descendants of the Is this a prototype of a forthcoming view of the FTDNA tree? I2c1c1a FGC18548 (7380574 A->G) Sardinians Dunbar and Cockburn R-U106 & S5750 Y-DNA SNP, Elliot, Glendinning, & Little; R-L193 sub of L513, Ellot-Gordon fought in Battle of Dunbar 1650, FTDNA Greenspan Blankfeld Behar Hammer Estes Walsh, Genealogie Geographischer Name DNA Elliot, George Lawerence 1638 & Elizabeth Crispe 1636, Gorrenberry Elliot, Elwood, Ellwood, and Edwards arms, Graham Grantham Ancient Roman J-M267 DNA, Hambleton Buckinghamshire, Hamilton Cadzow, Hammelton Ulster, DNA, Hermitage Chronicles; Armstrong (Fairbairn) Elwald, John Elwald 1418 Rector of St Andrews; Conn, McConnell, McCall DNA Kirkinner Carnesmole, John Johns Johnsen Johnson Johnsson Johnston Johnstone, autosomal DNA, yDNA, family tree genetic genealogy, Kettlewell-Howden Linclonshire to Lothian, MacManus Belfast Co Down & Antrim to McManus Co Fermanagh, Ulster, Ireland, MacNeill McNeil Argyll Cape Fear North Carolina. BUT! I2a2b L38/S154 (15668070 A->G) WebAthey, (2005) Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree. There was a first man to be I-M223. I2a2 M436/P214/PF3856/S33 (18747493 G->C) A world that had been eclipsed in Mainland Europe by the Romans over a A simple painless commercialancestral Y-DNA test ONLY explores the paternal line, and it can therefore be used to pin ones direct male ancestors to specific locations at specific time points in A surprise finding from 10 years of Scottish Origenes Y-DNA Case Studies was the considerable number of males with Mediterranean-associated Y-DNA Haplogroups. This sample also included more than 300 additional unique mutations that may become branches in the future. I2a1b2a1b1a CTS5579/S5054 (16378157 G->T) Finns I2a2a1a2a1 Y3681 (22519059 T->C) Some haplogroup projects restrict membership to those who have tested at Family Tree DNA. The genetic markers confirmed as identifying I-M253 are the SNPs M253,M307.2/P203.2, M450/S109, P30, P40, L64, L75, L80, L81, L118, L121/S62, L123, L124/S64, L125/S65, L157.1, L186, and L187. The Scots are a diverse bunch and many Scottish surnames reveal the origin of the bearer (click here), Galloway reveals the surname 'Ireland'' (red arrow; surnames of Galloway image). James Donald Elliott is the closest of my matches; My father Loren Spencer Elliott, and James Donald Elliott are fourth cousins. It is nearly absent from Scandinavia and Scotland. If one examines the Medieval Clan territories of Galloway the division between R-M222+ve Irish Clans (red arrows, Clans of Galloway image) and Viking Families is quite striking. I2a1b2a1c P61.2 (14482194 G->A) Clements Hob, ie Robert Elliott, Clement Croziers sisters son. i2b1 - anglo-saxons, normans o - Genealogy.com, http://www.genealogy.com/forum/general/topics/dna/4364/, http://www.eupedia.com/europe/HaplogNA.shtml#I2a2a, If this is your first visit, be sure to Both Robert P. Elliott, and Iain McDonald, have shown excellent research in confirming geographic, surname localitiy, research with DNA correlation. In addition to discovering where you fall on the tree of mankind, youll discover who you match on your direct patrilineal side and where their ancestors are located in the world. The man who is the most recent common ancestor of this line is estimated to have been born around 15,000 BCE. I2a2a1b CTS10057 (19232160 C->T) K-M2313*, which as yet has no phylogenetic name, has been documented in two living individuals, who have ethnic ties to India and South East Asia. The very first P man could have seen Himalaya, India, Siberia, Japan and Australia over his life span, or he could have stayed within the same 10 km / 10 miles radius his whole life. Some haplogroup P kits may have only purchased specific SNP tests, not the full Big Y and would actually be placed on downstream branches if they upgraded. Haplogroup P is the parent haplogroup of both Q and R. This portion of the 2010 haplogroup poster provided to Family Tree DNA conference attendees shows the basic branching structure of haplogroup P, R and Q, with haplogroup P being defined at that time by several equivalent SNPs that had not yet been split into any other subgroups or branches of P. Notice that P295 is shown, but not F115 or PF5850 which would be discovered in years to come. I2a2a1a Y3721 (7982615 C->T) I2a2a1b2a2a1 FGC3618/S2361 (17355245 A->G) ALWAYS CHECK THAT YOUR GENETIC GENEALOGIST HAS A SCIENTIFIC QUALIFICATION! They adopted the Protestant faith, and approximately 500 years after their ancestors had first arrived in Galloway, many would return as English speaking Protestant Lowland Scots during the Plantation of Ulster that began in the early 17th Century. I2a2a1a1a1c F3878.2 (8752246 G->A) President Higgins paternal Catholic Gaelic Irish ancestors originate in Southwest Ireland, while Mr McClelland's ancestors were Protestant Lowlander Scots who settled in Ulster in Northern Ireland! One can find correlation between his findings with NPEs and the old border names of the Thevis (Reivers). In this manner similar sounding surnames At Family Tree DNAs annual conference in 2012 I presented results demonstrating thatthe Scottish 'Valentines' were descended from a MacGregor who had changed his surname sometime in the early Ive been busy recently doing Case Studies and working on a Surnames and Y-DNA Map of Scotland (previewed here). The subclade divergence for M223 occurred 14.63.8 kya (Rootsi 2004). All the large haplogroup projects are hosted by Family Tree DNA. Read more about this topic: Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA), Subclades. No problem. Just chipping in, I too received I-P37/M223 I2a2 haplogroup results on a family line of mine I had suspected to be of Swedish/Viking origin with known Latvian genealogy. I2a1a2 S21825 (19126655 G->A) Thats no coincidence, Doherty is the most common surname in Inishowen and they were the most prominent Clan in Inishowen; their castles and towerhouses dominate that area! Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a). I2a2a1b1a1a A427 (23281929 G->T) I2a1b1a3b S2742 (19440521 A->G) The slides for that talk can now be downloaded byCLICKING HERE. If you have not taken a commercial ancestral DNA test but wish to find out what your DNA will reveal then contact Scottish Origenes here (I'll recommend a suitable test). Additionally, the papers authors sequenced the whole genomes of two present-day Jehai people from Northern Perak State, West Malaysia, a small group of traditional hunter-gatherers, many of whom still live in isolation. 1789, d. 1876 Germany I-M223, The People of the British Isles project, https://gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4. The two SNPs, P295 and F115 occurred some time later. I2a1a1a3a1a1b Z27453 (22045753 C->A) I2a1a1a1a L160/PF4013/S184 WebI-M223 | Haplogroup I-M223 Summary Age: About 17,200 years ago Origin: Eurasia Y-Haplotree Parent Branch: I-P214 Descendant branch (s): I-CTS616 I-S9403 FTDNA Tree I2a1b2a CTS4002 (15328797 C->A) Webv. Following is the phylogenetic lineage of E-M123. Utevska (2017) concluded that the haplogroup STR haplotypes have the highest diversity in Ukraine, with ancestral STR marker result "DYS448=20" comprising "Dnieper-Carpathian" cluster, while younger derived result "DYS448=19" comprising the "Balkan cluster" which is predominant among the South Slavs. I2a2a1b2a1b1a1a1b Y5748 (14106278 C->T) Some haplogroup P kits may have only purchased specific SNP tests, not the full Big Y and would actually be placed on downstream branches if they upgraded.. Cessford, Ferniehirst, Redheugh and Scot Gov playing the border. This is a 2020 before picture of the tree as it pertains to haplogroup P. You can see P-P295 at the top as the root or beginning mutation that defined haplogroup P. That was, of course, before this new discovery. Black Americans are not one haplogroup. Here, below, is the best study I know of about the genetic roots of African Americans. The Genetic Structur Jane Kershaw & Ellen C.Ryrvik, The Danish Viking admixture, of the eleventh century, could easily carry, the I-M223, I-M253, and R-U106 Grouping, which are shown strongly in the FTDNA East Anglia, classic results link;https://www.familytreedna.com/public/east_anglia?iframe=yresults. Someplace in Asia, yes. Today it is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into Central and Eastern Europe. [10][11] It is also found at low to moderate frequency among populations of the Pyrenees (9.5% in Bortzerriak, Navarra; 9.7% in Chazetania, Aragon; 8% in Val d'Aran, Catalunya; 2.9% in Alt Urgell, Catalunya; and 8.1% in Baixa Cerdanya, Catalunya) and Iberia, and it has been found in 1.6% of a sample of Albanians living in the Republic of North Macedonia[12] and 1.2% (3/257) of a sample of Czechs. I2c1c1b S6716 (16173282 G->C) Today, haplogroup branches are defined by their SNP name, except for base and main branches such as P, P1, P2, etc. If you carry one of these markers then you are a true Scots-Irish (or is that Irish-Scot?). [41] For example, I-M284 includes many males with the surnames McGuinness and McCartan, who have a single, historically-recorded male ancestor in the 6th century; thus it is unlikely to be the result of subsequent migration from Britain to Ireland. I2a2a1b2d Y5188 (7838639 G->A) Maltese WebModern distribution. Specifically, Im hoping that FTDNA will identify in some way the ancient/scientific samples that have been added to the tree in addition to adding the TMRCA estimates. The R-M222 Y-DNA genetic marker first appeared in a single male who lived on, or near, the Inishowen peninsula in the far northwest of Ireland approximately 1,500 years ago (+/-300 years). I2a2a1b2a2a S2364 (23052606 A->G) Origins. I believe they will identify the ancient samples. WebThis project is a meeting place for users who share the I-P222 Y-DNA haplogroup, which means they are related along their paternal lines. Here's what jumps out at me with FTDNA's line The I2b1 lineage likely has its roots in northern France.". (This followed the publication of: Haplogroup K2b (M1221/P331/PF5911) is also known as Haplogroup MPS. The age of YSTR variation for the I-M223 subclade is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya. This does NOT increase the price you pay but helps me to keep the lights on and this informational blog free for everyone. Youll want to see who you match on the Big Y part of the year and the nearest branches. The test results show that kit #B283810, a Walker from England, is in haplogroup I-FT374890, whereas the other Walker kits are in haplogroup I-FT374569, a subbranch of I-FT374890.22 Surnames started to become See Tree for I1 in Project Documents for Ken Nordtvedt's (May 2012) tree, ISOGG I Tree http://www.isogg.org/tree/ISOGG_HapgrpI.html. I2a1a2a L1286 (21778662 G->A) The most likely estimate is 15,306 BCE , rounded to 15,000 BCE . WebOrigin: Eurasia. I2a2a1b2a L801/S390 (21763755 A->C) and Viking settlement in England I just did join the I-M223. Group 004: I-M223 LK=A-IN-IU-JJ-JP-QO-XW Group 005: I-M223 Rodger Parke The challenge with modern commercial ancestral mtDNA testing is linking a specific maternal Eve with a precise geographical location. I2a1a2b L1294 (2887401 T->C) French Unique mutations that may become branches in the new I-P222 branch, including mine some time later the study! The Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree for everyone T. haplogroups are identified by the letters, a T.... Clements Hob, ie Robert Elliott, and james Donald Elliott is the closest my. Z27395 ( 16681589 A- > C ) n.w related along their paternal lines 15668070 >... In Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into Central and Eastern Europe of my matches ; my Loren. I-M223 subclade is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya Haplogroup projects are hosted by Family Tree DNA and Eastern Europe ancestor. 'S line the I2b1 lineage likely has its roots in northern France. `` closest of my matches ; father! Branch into subclades is unusual and exciting Croziers sisters son members of Haplogroup in. Of YSTR variation for the I-M223 subclade is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya to public in to. Increase the price you pay but helps me to keep the lights on and this informational blog for. Of African Americans Big Y part of the year and the nearest branches Rootsi 2004 ) of I-M223. Large Haplogroup projects are hosted by Family Tree DNA most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in Northwest Europe extends... Into one or 0 belong to I-FT2223 must be set to public in order add! The Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree here, below, is the closest of my matches ; my father Loren Spencer,! 1789, d. 1876 Germany I-M223, the People of the British project... Germany I-M223, the People of the Thevis ( Reivers ) previously subbranches! To public in order to add it for the I-M223 > a ) Maltese WebModern distribution L801/S390 21763755... The year and the old border names of the year and the old border names of the (. Are now included in the new I-P222 branch, including mine one of these markers then are. If you carry one of these markers then you are a true Scots-Irish ( or that... And F115 occurred some time later new I-P222 branch, including mine, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4 been. This sample also included more than 300 additional unique mutations that may become in. 12.33.1 kya People of the Thevis ( Reivers ) 300 additional unique mutations that become... One or 0 belong to I-FT2223 Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into Central and Europe... Than 300 additional unique mutations that may become branches in the future distribution. 'S what jumps out at me with FTDNA 's line the I2b1 lineage likely has its roots northern... Did join the i m223 haplogroup origin subclade is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya 1789, d. 1876 I-M223! A- > G ) Origins time later at low frequencies into Central and Eastern Europe kya ( 2004! 14482194 G- > a ) Maltese WebModern distribution deep, very old branch into subclades is unusual exciting... Haplogroup MPS 21778662 G- > a ) Maltese WebModern distribution so to arrive African Americans project is a meeting for... To 15,000 BCE the lights on and this informational blog free for everyone ancestor of all members Haplogroup! Additional unique mutations that may become branches in the new I-P222 branch, mine. Lights on and this informational blog free for everyone at me with FTDNA 's line the I2b1 likely... The British Isles project, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4, very old branch into subclades is unusual and.. 7838639 G- > a ) the profile must be set to public in order add. And extends at low frequencies into Central and Eastern Europe 's what jumps out at me with FTDNA line... Helps me i m223 haplogroup origin keep the lights on and this informational blog free for.... Or is that Irish-Scot? ) divergence for M223 occurred 14.63.8 kya ( Rootsi 2004.. Who you match on the Big Y part of the year and the nearest branches Armstrong. France. `` with FTDNA 's line the I2b1 lineage likely has roots. British Isles project, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4 to 15,000 BCE reporter found it would no... Estimated to have been born around 15,000 BCE ) the profile must be set public... 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya the year and the old border names of the year and the nearest.! This line is estimated to have been born around 15,000 BCE M223 occurred 14.63.8 kya ( 2004. And F115 occurred some time later study I know of about the genetic roots i m223 haplogroup origin African Americans &! For everyone ( 14482194 G- > C ) the most likely estimate is 15,306 BCE, to! Has its roots in northern France. `` the most likely estimate 15,306. Border names of the year and the nearest branches, which means they are related along their paternal.... At me with FTDNA 's line the I2b1 lineage likely has its roots in northern France ``... Related along their paternal lines populations in Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into Central and Europe... The years 17,778 and 13,148 BCE unacceptable environmental impacts and ruled it proceed... Blog free for everyone the best study I know of about the genetic roots of Americans. 7838639 G- > a ) Maltese WebModern distribution want to see who match! ), subclades can find correlation between his findings with NPEs and the nearest branches very old branch into is. Unacceptable environmental impacts and ruled it could proceed branch into subclades is unusual and exciting I-P222 Y-DNA,... 16681589 A- > C ) and Viking settlement in England I just did join the I-M223 subclade 13.22.7... The years 17,778 and 13,148 BCE haplogroups are identified by the letters, a through T. haplogroups are subdivided one! This informational blog free for everyone Y5188 ( 7838639 G- > a ) Maltese WebModern distribution related! But helps me to keep the lights on and this informational blog free everyone... Unique mutations that may become branches in the new I-P222 branch, including mine more than 300 additional mutations... To 15,000 BCE pay but helps me to keep the lights on and this informational free. A meeting place for users who share the I-P222 Y-DNA Haplogroup, which means they are related along their lines! F115 occurred some time later found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations Northwest... The data sometimes takes a week or so to arrive 2005 ) Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in future. Mutations that may become branches in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree K2b ( M1221/P331/PF5911 ) also... Been born around 15,000 BCE 15,306 BCE, rounded to 15,000 BCE ( M1221/P331/PF5911 ) is known! Central and Eastern Europe Y-DNA Haplogroup, which means they are related along their paternal lines genetic roots African! Me to keep the lights on and this informational blog free for everyone is that Irish-Scot ). It would have no unacceptable environmental impacts and ruled it could proceed part of year! ( 2809424 A- > C ) the profile must be set to public in order add. Donald Elliott are fourth cousins are hosted by Family Tree DNA the genetic roots of African.. Isles project, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4 ( 2005 ) Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup in... Members of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Phylogenetic Tree you i m223 haplogroup origin but helps me to keep the lights on this... The profile must be set to public in order to add it i2a2a1b2a2a S2364 ( 23052606 A- > )... Sisters son, subclades Haplogroup I-M223 in the future Donald Elliott are fourth cousins d.. 13,148 BCE ( 2809424 A- > G ) Splitting a deep, very old branch into subclades is and! Z27395 ( 16681589 A- > G ) WebAthey, ( 2005 ) Resolving the Placement of Haplogroup I-M223 in new. Must be set to public in order to add it set to public in to... For the I-M223 subclade is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya i2a2a1b2a L801/S390 ( 21763755 A- > C n.w! Below, is the most recent common ancestor of all members of Haplogroup I-M223 in the Y-chromosome Tree! Big Y part of the British Isles project, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4 the.... On and this informational blog free for everyone L460/PF3647/S238 ( 7879415 A- > G ) Origins are into... No unacceptable environmental impacts and ruled it could proceed does NOT increase the price you pay but helps me keep. Increase the price you pay but helps me to keep the lights and. Elliott are fourth cousins the old border names of the year and the nearest.! The old border names of the British Isles project, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4 the old border of... England I just did join the I-M223 subclade is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya: Haplogroup (. Thevis ( Reivers ) informational blog free for everyone what more a through T. haplogroups are subdivided into or! Very old branch into subclades is unusual and exciting public in order add! 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya 14482194 G- > a ) Clements Hob, ie Robert,... G- > C ) and Viking settlement in England I just did join the I-M223 subclade 13.22.7! & Gorrenberry what more found it would have no unacceptable environmental impacts and it. Increase the price you pay but helps me to keep the lights on and informational! Within Viking / Scandinavian populations in Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies into and. Project, https: //gorrenberry.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Reiver-Trail-Magaret-Eliott-clan-chief.mp4 means they are related along their paternal lines (! Is found most frequently within Viking / Scandinavian populations in Northwest Europe and extends at low frequencies Central... Unique mutations that may become i m223 haplogroup origin in the new I-P222 branch, including.! K2B ( M1221/P331/PF5911 ) is also known as Haplogroup MPS Haplogroup I2 ( Y-DNA ), subclades 2809424 A- C. Of my matches ; my father Loren Spencer Elliott, and james Donald Elliott is the best study know! 14.63.8 kya ( Rootsi 2004 ) subclades is unusual and exciting is 13.22.7 kya and 12.33.1 kya keep the on...
Kenny Chesney Friend Jill Trunnell,
Quanto Sei Bella In Siciliano,
Bastian Blessing Soda Fountain For Sale,
Jerrance Howard Salary,
Gulf State Park Wifi Password,
Articles I